Speed-governor



W. A. DOBLE.

SPEED GOVERNOR.

APPLICATION HLED JULY 12. |917.

` WILLIAM A. DOBLE, 0F sAN rEANcIsoo, WALER WHEEL COMPANY, or sAN E orALIEOENIA.

NT oFFIcE.

CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE PELTON RANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, .A CORPORATIONSPEED-GOVERN OR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 1o, 1921.

Original application led June 2, 1913, Serial No. 771,308. Divided andthis application filed .luljT 12, 1917. Serial No. 180,193.

To all whom t may concern.:

Be it known that-I, l/VILpIAM A. DOBLE, a citizen of the'United States,residing at San Francisco, county of San Francisco, and State ofCalifornia, have invented certainnew and useful Improvements inSpeed-Governors, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvementsin speed controlling apparatus formotors and more particularly to that class of speed controllingapparatus which is adapted or use in connection with water wheels usedfor driving electric generators. 7

The invention belongs to that type of speed controlling apparatus inwhich the speed responsive or governing elementcontrols the gate, orother device for regulating the supply of motive energy, by means of arelay mechanism.

One of the objects of the invention is to provide a mechanism of thisclass in which the gate or analogous device is moved by fluid pressuremeans and the controlling or pilot valve for the fluid pressure means ismoved .in definite relation to the gate so that for every position ofthe gate there is' a corresponding position for the pilt valve.

Another object is to provide an improved form 'of pilot'valve 'providedwith means for limiting the rapidity of the movements of the pilot'valve so as to avoid sudden changes in the position of the gate.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved form of pilotvalve which is arranged to automatically closethe gate whenever the beltby which the governor is driven breaks or slips off the pulley. y

Another object of the invention is to provide an. improved means vforconnecting the gate and the pilot valve, whereby movements of the gateare transmitted to the pilot valve. It has Vbeen`found diiiicult in mostcases, where-speed controlling apparatus is usedto place the speedresponsive element close to the partfrom which it is operated 4and Aatthe same. timeV have the servo-motor in the proper position to operatethe gate. In order to obtain the best results it 'is thereforenecessaryto separate the speed responsive element from vlthe servomotor andprovide suitable connecting means between the two. By this arrangementthe speed responsivev element may be placed close to the shaft fromwhich it is driven and the servo-motor may be located inthe properposition to operate the gate in which large power units must necessarilybe had a. considerable distance from the speed responsive element. Inconnecting the servo-motor with the speed responsive devicecranks andlong shafts' are undesirable to use on account of possiblelost niot-ionwhich would be detrimental to the correct action of the apparatus. `Longbelts are also ,undesirable because of the pulsations which they producedue to the flapping of the belts and in the case of an inertia governorbelts could not be used at all. In carrying out my invention theservo-motor is connected with the pilot valve, which is operated by theSpeed responsive element -1n such a manner that the movements of thegate are transmitted to the valve by means of balls which are arrangedin a tube, the balls acting in substantially the same manner as wouldaliquid under similar circumstances with the use of the balls thedisadvantages which would arise from leakage of a liquid are avoided.

.Another object of the invention is to provlde a speed controllingapparatus of the inertia type by means of which the speedv vof the motoris controlled by the voltage of thegenerator driven by the motor andalso the load on Athe generator as well as by exception that by thevariations in the speedfof the motor from y the normal. l l i Otherobjects and the various features of novel-ty will be apparent from thefollowing ldescription taken in`connection with the accompanyingdrawings, in which: o

igure l is a longitudinal section through a water wheel nozzle and theapparatus for controlling' the flow through the nozzle.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectionallview of the l pilot valve shown inFig..l.

FigB vis an enlarged sectional view of a part of the ballstroke-transmission device."

Fig. 4 1s a longitudinal section of.another` v form of speedcontrollingapparatus.

Fig. 5 is ln Flg:

Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of a detail of an enlarged verticaly sectionthrough kthe speed responsive element shown the speed responsive elementshown in Fig. 4.

I`Fig. 7 is a section on the line 7-7 of liig. 8 `is an enlarged sectionof the small pilot valve shown in Fig. 4.

In this application which is a division of my application #771,308,filed J une 2, 1913, I have illustrated a form of speed controllingmechanism which for purposes of illustration is shown in connection witha .water wheel, the shaft of the wheel being indicated at 190 and one ofthe bearings of the shafts being indicated at 191. The wheel is providedwith the usual buckets 192 and a casing 193, and a nozzle 194 controlledby a needle valve 195 is arranged to discharge a jet of water againstthe buckets 192. The nozzle 194 is secured to a nozzle body 196 whichmay be connected with a suitable suppfly conduit by means of a flange197. The needle valve 195 is provided with a stem 198 which extendsthrough a suitable stufiing box 199 carried by the nozzle body.

The speed controlling mechanism about to be described is especiallyadapted for use in connection with large power units in which the needlevalve 195 will be of large size and subjected to heavy pressures andtherefore require a comparatively large servo-motor to operate the same.usual in such mechanisms I have provided the controlling mechanism witha speed responsive element, and since, it is desirable' to locate thisspeed responsive element close Atoc the shaft 190 from which it oisdriven it must necessarily be at considerable distance from theservo-motor which it controls, and therefore -in order to secureregulation as nearly perfect as possible the connections between thespeed responsiveelement and the servo-motor must be such that themovements of the one are transmitted to the other J without' variation.

In carrying out the invention I provide a servo-motor cylinder 200, inwhich is arranged a piston 201 and which may be conveniently secured tothe nozzle body. A piston rod 202 is secured to the outer end of thestem 198 and passes through the piston 201 and is rigidly connected withthe latter. This rod also extends through the head 203 of the cylinder200 andhas a reduced end 204 which carries a piston/205 which isarranged in a dash pot: cylinder 206. Leakage from the cylinder 200along the yrod 202 is prevented by -means of suitable stuffing boxes 207and 208. A supporting late 209 is preferably connected with thel cad 203of the cylinder 200 and Amay also be supported by .means of a suitablefoundation 210.

' the lever 214 is connected with a pivot 216 cis son the rod 202 and arod 217 is connected As is` spring 222. The upper ends of the levers 219and 220 engage the heads of the dash pot cylinder 206. The head 223 ofthe cylinder 206 is provided with an internally threaded extension 224which'receives the threaded rod 225. A gear wheel 226 is iixed on therod 225 and in mesh witha pinion 227 onthe shaft of a motor 228, thelatter lbeing preferably mounted on the dash pot cylinder 206. The rod225 is provided with a smooth end 227 which is supported by a tubularmember 228" carried by a suitable bracket 229 which may be rigidlyconnected with the supporting plate 209.

The dash4 pot cylinder 206 is provided with a by-pass 230 which connectsthe portions of the cylinder which are on opposite sides of the piston205. This by-pass may be controlled by a suitable valve 231.

Supported on a frame 232 is a valve casing 233 and above the latter andpreferably secured thereon is a bracket 234 which carries the speedresponsive element. The latter comprises an upright sleeve 235 which issecured to the bracket 234, on which is rotatably arranged a sleeve 236which carries a bevel gear v237 and a collar 238. Slidably and rotatablyarranged on the upper end of the sleeve235 is a sleeve 239 having acollar 241 which carry the centrifugal weights 242. rod 243 is connectedwith the sleeve 239 in such manner that the sleeve is permitted torotate relative to the rod but mo-ves the rod withit as it slides on thesleeve235. The lower end of the rod 243 carries a pilot valve 244 whichslides on a tubular extension 245 of a piston 246. The piston 246 isarranged in a suitable bore in the upper part of the valve casing 233vand has a downward extension 247 which is connected with'a piston valve248'. The extension 247 passes through a partition 249 which separatesthe chamber for the piston 246, from the chamber in which the valve 248is'arranged. 'lhe valve 248 slides in a ysleeve 250 and the latter isslidably arranged in a suitable b ore in the casing 233. The sleeve 2501s provided with ports 251, 252 and 253 which register with' the annularpassages 254, 255 Iand 256, respectively, in4

against the abutments 221 by means of a the casing 233. 'fhe` annularpassage 255 has communicating therewith a port 257 f which is connectedwith a supply pipe 258 for the motive fluid for actuating theservomotor. Thaannular passage 254- is connected with one end of theservo-motor cylinder 200 by means ,of a pipe 259 and the passage 256 isconnected with the opposite end of the servo-motor cylinder by a pipe260.

The valve casing 233 is provided with a port 271 which is incommunication with the port 257 and the ports 272 and 273. The ports 272and 273 communicate with the chamber for the piston 246 on oppositesides of said piston. The port 273 is preferablyl controlled by a valve27 4 by means of which the flow through said port may be regulated. Aport 275 leads from the chamber for the sleeve 250 to an exhaust pipe276, whereby water may be ldischarged from either end of the servo-motorcylinder.

The sleeve-250 has connected therewith a rod 261 which extends throughthe lower head 262 of the valve casin 233 and is provided on its lowerend witil an enlarged portion or plunger 263, which is slidably arrangedin a cylinder 264 carried by the frame 232. A yoke 265 is secured to therod 261 above the plunger 263 and has connected therewith a pair ofsprings 266 which have their lower ends anchored to the frame 232.

'The cylinder 264 is also provided with a bore for a plunger 267, vthisbore, being smaller than the bore for the plunger 263, and these twobores are connected by a gradually tapering bore 267. A pipe 268 has oneend connected in alinement with the smaller bore of the cylinder 264 andhas its other end extended to and connected in alinement with the boreof the sleeve 228.

The pipe 268 is suitably curved to avoid sharp bends and is filled withballs 269 which are slightly smaller in diameter than the bore 'of' thepipe. These balls are arranged in contact so thatwhen pressure isapplied to one end of the line it will be trans- `mitted directly to theother end. The line of balls extends into the lower end of the'cylinder264 and the end ball contacts with the end of the plunger 267. Betweenthe plungers 263 and 267 the 'cylinder 264 is filled with very smallballs 270 as is clearly indicated in the drawings.

The operation of the mechanism is as follows: l

Assuming that the motor is running at normal speed under a constant loadthe vneedle valve 195 will be open suficiently to discharge thenecessary quantity of water to the wheel and the governor which may be'driven by a belt 237 from the motor shaft in the usual manner will berotating with the centrifugalA weights 242 in a definite positioncorresponding to the speed of the motor.-

` Under these conditions the flanges of the piston valve 248 will coverthe ports 251 and 253 of the sleeve 250 and thus prevent the' motivefluid from the servo-motor from flowing to or from the latter, thusholding the needle valve 195 in a fixed position. The ports 244 in thepilot valve 244 and the ports 245 in the extension 245 of the piston 246will also be in registration so that the motive fluid will ilow from theport 255 through the ports 271 and 273 in the casing 233 and the ports244 and 245 and the intevrior of the piston extension 247, the valvethrough the port 273, is greater than the area of the lower side of thepiston which is subjected to the pressure of the fluid in :the port 272.This difference in area and pressure lresults inthe equalization of theload on the opposite sides of the piston and the latter is heldstationary.

If for any reasonthe motor changes in speed the position of thecentrifugal weights 242 will be changed and the pilot valve 244 raisedor lowered. In case the motor speeds 'up the centrifugal weights willmove outwardly and Ylower the pilot valve 244, and thereby further`restrict the flow through the ports 244 and 245. This will cause thepressure in the chamber above the piston 246 j to increase andoverbalance the pressure on the lower side of the piston and thereforemove the piston and the valve 248 downwardly and uncover the ports 251and 253 in thesleeve 250'. It will be seen that when the valve 248 islowered the ports 251 will be in communication with the exhaust 276 andthe ports 253 will be in communication with the supply pipe 258. Themotive fluid will therefore flow through the pipe 260 to one end of theservomotor cylinder- 200 and from the opposite end of the cylinderthrough the pipe 259 to 110 the exhaust 27 6. This action will cause thepiston 201 and the needle valve to move toward the right and diminishthe How of water through the nozzle 194. By thus diminishing ,the flowof water through the 115 nozzle the speed of# the motor will be restoredto normal.

The above described movement of the piston 201 will be transmitted bythe rod 204 to the dash pot piston 205. This movement 120 "fluid in thedash pot to be transferred from one side of the piston to the other bymeans of the port 230 so that the piston will be p permitted to movewithout directly moving the dash pot cylinder.- The latter, however,will be moved by the rod 217 acting through the levers 219 and 220, butit will be observed that, since the movement of the rod 217 is less thanthe movement of they rod 204,

the movement of the dash pot cylinder 206 will likewise be less thanthatof the piston 205. When the rod 204 moves toward the right the lever219 will be positively moved in the same direction by the abutment 221with which it is in contact, and the spring 222 will take up themovement of the lever 219 and transmit the same to the leverl 220 andthe cylinder 206.

lf the change in speed ofthe motor has been rapid the piston 201 of theservo-motor will also be quickly moved and, since under these conditionsthe `iuid cannot be transferred from one side of the dash pot cylinderto the other with suiicient rapidity lto permit the piston to moveindependently of the cylinder, it will be seen that the cylinder will bemoved with the piston and swing the lever 219 toward the right away fromthe abutment 221 and thereby extend the spring 222. The action of thespring 222 will, however, gradually move the dash pot cylinder towardthe right until the lever 219 contacts with the abutment 221.

rlhe motion of the dash pot cylinder is transmitted directly to the, rod225. rlhe springs 266 tend to draw the plunger 268 downwardly, and whenthe portion 227 of the rod 225 is drawn out of the sleeve 228 by themovement of the dash pot cylinder above described, the pressure of theplunger 263 on the balls 270 will force the latter downwardly into thecontracted portion of the cylinder 264 and thus move the line of theballs in the tube 268 so that the end ball in the sleeve 228 will bemaintained in contact with the rod 227. When the speed 'of the motor isreduced the action of the mechanism will be reversed from that justdescribed and the rod 227 will be moved farther into the sleeve 228',and this motion being transmitted throughout the line of balls in thetube 268 will force the small balls 270 and the plunger upwardlyandextend the springs 266.

By having the interior of the cylinder 264 of different diameters itwill Abe observed that thev mass of small balls therein will actsubstantially as a liquid and that the movements of the plunger 267 willbe greater than the corresponding movements of the plunger 263, theexact ratio of these movements being inversely as the squares of thediameters. The balls therefore act not only to transmit the stroke ofthe dash pot cylinder, but they also serve as a convenient means forreducing the movementof the plunger 263 corresponding to a givenmovement of`the cylinder 206. The movements of the piston 263 aretransmitted to the sleeve 250 by means ofthe rod 261, and since themechanism will move the sleeve in the same direction in which the valve248 was moved. it will be seen that the ports 251 and 253 of the sleevewill be brought into alinement with the flanges of the valve 248 andprevent the iiuid from flowing to or from the servo-motor cylinder 200,thus interrupting the movement of the servo-motor piston and holding thelatter and the needle valve 195 in a fixed position.

The normal speed of the motor may be changed by adjusting the valve 274so as to increase or diminish the iiow through the port 27 8. lf theflow through this port is increased the pressure on the upper side ofthe piston 246 will be increased and the valve 248 moved downward. rThiswill increase the flow through the ports 244 nand 245l and therebyequalize the forces acting on the opposite sides of the piston 246, thusholding the latter in a new position. rlhe lowering of the valve 248will permit fluid to flow from the supply pipe 258 through the ports 252and 253 of the sleeve and the pipe 260 into t-he left hand end of theservomotor cylinder. This will cause the servomotor piston 201 to movetoward the right to slightly close the needle valve 195 and at the sametime as above described will lower the sleeve 250 so that the ports 251and 258 will again be closed by the valve 248. T he motor will thereforerun at a lower normal speed.

When the valve 274 is moved so as to diminish the flow through the port278 the mechanism will be actuated in the opposite sense and the speedof the motor raised.

By means of the motor 228 it is also possible to change the speed of themotor from the switchboard or any other convenient point. The motor 228will be preferably of the reversible type, whereby the rod 225 may bescrewed into or outA of the sleeve 224 and thus cause the line of ballsin the tube 268 to be moved in one direction or the other. lf the rod225 is screwed out of the sleeve 224 the plunger 268 and the sleeve 250will be raised and the ports 251 and 253 will be uncovered and fluidpermitted to flow through the pipe 260 into the left hand end of theservo-motor cylinder 200,

thus effecting a slight closing of the needle valve 195. When the rod225 is screwed into the sleeve 224 the mechanism will, be operated inthe opposite direction and the needle valve 195 opened so as to admit-anadditional supply of water to the Inotor and thus increase the speed ofthe latter. It will therefore be seen that the normal speed of the motormay be conveniently regulated from any point by means of .the motor 228,or the speed may be regulated by means of the valve 274. lVhenevereither of these adjusting devices have been s et to a given I positionthe mechanism will operate automatically to maintain the speedof themotor The motor 228 may ness of the-apparatus.

In yery large installations the servo-motor assumes a comparatively,large size and therefore thepilot valve device-for operating theservo-motor must be correpondingly large in order to provide anapparatus of the required sensitivenes's. The size of the pilot valvesin a large installation is such that they cannot' be actuated directlyby the speed responsive element and therefore, in

. the mechanism just described, there is provided a pilot valve devicefor operating the main pilot valve.

In Figs. 4 to 8 I have shown another form of speed controlling mechanismassociated with a water wheel having a shaft 280 andbuckets 281. Wateris applied to the buckets by means of a nozzle .282 which is controlledby a needle valve 283. The nozzle 282 is secured to the nozzle body 284and the latter may be secured to a supply conduit by means of a suitableliange 285. The needle valve 283 has a stem 286'which extends through alsuitable stuiiing box 287 in the wall of the nozzle body 284. A rod 288is secured to the outer end of the stem 286 and passes through suitablestufling'boxes in the heads of the servo-lnotor cylinder 289 and isconnected with the piston 290. Beyond the carried by a shaft 304 whichis mounted in j servo-motor cylinder 289 the rod 288 has a reducedportion 296 which extends through the head of the dash pot cylinder 292and is connected with the dash pot piston 293.4

The servomotor cylinder 289 is preferably `secured to the nozzle body284 and a supporting plate 294. The plate 294 carries' a bracket 295, towhich the-lever 296 is connected by means of a pivot 297. The pivot 297is adjustable in a suitable slot in the lever 296 and is also adapted toslide in a slot 298 in the bracket 295. The upper end of the lever 296is connected with the rod 288 by means of a pivot 299. A rod 300 has oneend connected with the lever 296 by means of a pivot 301 and has itsother end bifurcated and connected with an arm 302 by means of a pivot303. The arm 302 is suitable brackets 305 on the supporting plate 2 94.A

A rod 306 is connected with the dash pot cylinder 292 and extends into asleeve 307 block 313 which is also arranged between the levers 310 and311 and engaged thereby.

A frame 314 supports a pilot valve casing 315, in which is arranged asleeve valve 316 and a piston valve 317, these valves coperating tocontrol the servo-motor. The sleeve 316 is connected with a rod 318which projects through the lower head of the casing 315 and has on itslower end a plunger 319 which is arranged in a cylinder 320.- The lowerend of the cylinder 320 is provided with a bore in which is arranged aplunger 321 of considerably smaller diameter than the plunger 319.Thespace between the plungers 319 and 321 is filled with very smallballs 322, the `latter acting in the manner of a liquid to transmit themove-1 ,ments of one of the plungers to the other. 'A lpipe 323 has oneend connected with thel cylinder 320 in alinement with the bore in` thelower" end thereof and has its other end connectedywith the sleeve 307in alinement with the bore in the latter, thus forming a continuous`conduit between the interior of the cylinder 320 and the sleeve 307.The space in this conduit between the end of the rod 306 and the lowerend of the plunger 321 is filled with balls 324 which are slightlysmaller in diameter than the interior of the pipe, whereby they areladapted to move freely in the latter. The arrangement of the balls 322,the plunger 321 and the balls 324 constitute a means for rigidlyconnectthe movements of one are transmitted to the other, thisconstruction being, preferably the same as shown in Figs. 1 and 3 anddescribed hereinabove. i

vA yoke 325 is varranged on the rod 318 and has connected therewith apair of springs 326, the lower ends of'these springs being anchored tothe frame 314. The means lfor controlling the servo-motor is `similar tothat shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and ing the plunger 319 and the rod 306,whereby l comprises the casing 315 which is provided n The passage 328is connected with a supply pipe 332, for the motive\luid for actuatingthe servo-motor, by means 'of a port 333.'

The causing 315 is preferably made in two sections and the upper sectionthereof has arranged therein a piston 334 which is connected with thevalve 317 by means of a tubular extension 335. A port 336 leads from theport 333 and has a branch 337 whereby the pressure of the supply fluidis transmitted to the space below the piston 334. A port 338 connectsthe port 336 with the space above the piston 334 and is controlled bymeans of a valve 339;

The piston 334 has an upward extension 340 having ports 341 therein anda pilot valve 342 is slidably arranged on the eX- terior of thisextension. rlhe valve 342 is provided with suitable ports 343 adapted toregister with the ports. 341 in the extension 340.

The dash pot cylinder 292 is provided with a port 344 connecting theopposite ends of the cylinder and controlled by means of a suitablevalve 345. ln the operation of the dash pot the cylinder is maintainedfull of oil, or other suitable fluid, which is transferred from one sideof the piston toi the other by means of the movementsof the piston, therate of Aflow of the oil being regulated by means of the valve 345.

The operation of the mechanism so far described is as follows:

rlhe pilot valve 342 is connected with and controlled by a governingmechanism which will be described later, and the movements of thisvalve, in response to the action ofthe governing mechanism, producecorresponding movements in the needle valve 283 and thus regulate thesupply of water to the wheel.

Assuming that the wheel is running at normal speed under a steady load,the valve 283 will stand open a sufficient extent to supply thenecessary amount of water and the ports 343 in the kpivot valve 342 willto a certain extent be in registration with the ports 341 in theextension 340 of the piston 334. -The area of the upper side of thepiston 334 is considerably larger than the area of the lower sidethereof as will be readily seen from the drawings so that the forcetending to move the piston upward, due to y the pressure in the port336, will be counterbalanced by a higher pressure on the upper side ofthe piston. Since the fluid which is supplied to the chamber above thepiston passes through the port 338 and its flow is restricted by meansof the valve 339 it will be seen that the pressure in the chamber abovethe piston will be controlled by the extent to which the ports 341 and343 are in registration. The fluid' passing through these ports willpass downwardly through the piston and the'valve 317 into the chamber atthe lower end of the valve casing and be discharged from the lat-ter bymeans of a suitable exhaust pipe 347.

y piston 334 will be increased and thereby overbalance the pressureacting on the lower side of the piston and move the later downwardly.Since the valve 317 is connected with the piston 334 the valve will alsobe moved downwardly and uncover the ports '327' and 329 putting theformer in communication with the exhaust pipe 347 and y the latter incommunication' with the supply pipe 332. The pressure fluid willtherefore be admitted to one end of the servomotorcylinder throughthepipe 331 and be discharged from the other end of the cylinder by meansof the pipe 330. This'will cause the piston 290 to be moved in thedirection to close the needle'valve 283, thereby diminishing the flow ofwater through the nozzle 282 and reducing the speed of the wheel. v

Wlhen the pilotyalve 342 is raised b y the governing mechanism the ports341 and 343 will be brought into fuller registration and therebydecrease the pressure in the chamber above the piston 334 and cause thelatter to be moved upwardly by the pressure acting on the lower side ofthe piston. The-valve 317 will thusl be raised and the ports 327 and 329again uncovered. ln this instance,

however, the ports 329 are put into com-v munication with the exhaustpipe 347 and the ports 327 are put into communication with the supplypipe 332, thus supplying the pressure fluid through the pipe 330 to theopposite end of the servo-motor cylinder and thereby further opening theneedlel valve 283 and permitting an increased quantity of water to flowthrough the nozzle its piston.. Under these circumstances the y dash potcylinder will. be moved by the rod 300 and the levers 310 and 311', thespring 312 being strong enough to accomplish a circulation of. the fluidin the dash pot around the piston 293. pilot valve is shifted quicklyfor any reason, the movement of the dash pot piston will becorrespondingly rapid andv in' this case the restriction of the flow offluid from one end If, however, the

d ment ofthe sleeve 316 will be in -m'oved directly by be .considerablyshorter owing to he fact that the distance between the pivots 297 v and301 is only a fraction of the-distance 'between the pivots 297 and 299.The movements of the rod 300 are transmitted to the pair of levers 310and 3 11 and from the latter to the rod 306. If the rod 306 is movedinto the sleeve 307 the line ofballs 324 will be forced up into thecylinder 320 and raise i Th the plunger 319 and the sleeve 316 which isconnected'therewith, and if the rod 306 is rawn outwardly in the sleeve307 the movethe opposite direction.l Owing to the difference in areas ofthe plungers 319 and 321 it will be obvious that the plunger 319 will bemoved only a fraction of the -distance to which the plunger 321 ismoved, the exact ratio of the movements being in proportion to thesquares of their diameters. In every instance the movement of the sleeve316 will .be in the same direction as the corresponding movementJ of thevalve 317 and therefore the ports 327 and 329 will be closed by themovement of the sleeve and the movement of the. servo-motor pistoninterrupted. By lthis arrangement the servo-motor piston will have aposition corresponding to every position of the valve 317. v

When the movement of the servo-motor piston is gradual the dash potcylinder is moved by means of the' levers 310 and 311, but-,when themovement, of the servo-motor piston is rapid the dash the dash'potpiston and the spring 312 take up any inequalities in the movements and'eventually restore the parts to their proper position.

e 350 Awhich is For the purpose of actuating 'the pilot valve 342 Ihave7 provided amechanism which is responsive to changes of speed of themotor, to changes of voltage of the generatorv driven by the motorY andto Changes in the current output of the generator. This mechanismcomprises a shaft mounted in bearings 351 and 352 carried byla table 353which is preferably4 supported on the upper end of the pilot valvecasing 315. The shaft .350 is provided with a driving pulley 354 bymeans of which it may be driven from the motor shaft by a belt 355. hasa threaded bore which engages the screw threads 350 on the shaft 350 andis connected with a collar 357 4which vis rigidly secured to the shaft350 by means of a helical spring 358 surrounding the shaft. A

pot cylinder will be.

motor shaft' 28o A fly wheel 356 bell'crankyaw is mounted en a pivot-360carried by brackets 361 on the table 353, and has one arm provided witha yoke 362 hav- -lng 'trunnions which engage a suitable groove 363 inthe hub of the fly wheel 356. The other arm of the bell crank isconnected with the upper end of a rod 364 by means of links 365. Thelower end of the rod 364 is secured to the pilot valve 342. A solenoidconsisting of the coils 366 and 367 and the core 368 is mounted on thetable 353 beneath the fly wheel 356. Pole lpieces 369 and 370 aresecured to the ends of the core 368 and have upwardly extending portionswith curved inne-r faces arranged adjacent the periphery of the flywheel 356. ese curved faces of thepole pieces and the periphery of thefly wheel 356 are provided with. the serrations 371 and 372respectively.

The generator which is driven by the motor is diagrannnatically shownand indicated at G. he main conductors of the generator G are indicatedby the numerals i 373 and 374. The conductors 375 and 376 lead to thesolenoid coil 367 and in one of these conductors isarranged af suitableadjustable resistance 377. A resistance 378 is arranged in the conductor374 so that the current generated will pass through this resistance. Theterminals of the resistance 378 are connected with the solenoid coil 366by means of theconductors 379 and 380.

A bracket 381 vis 369 and carries an electromagnet 382, the armature 383of which is pivoted at 384 and rigidly connected with a brake shoe 385.A spring 386 tends to swing the brake shoe 385 into contact with theperiphery of the ductors 387 and 388.

The operation of the nism is as follows:

-The shaft 350 being drivenl from the times in direct proportion to thespeed of the latter and the Hy wheel 356 will be normally driven at thesame speed as the shaft by means of the spring 358. If the .motorincreases in speed, for any reason, the speed of the shaft 350 will becorrespondingly increased and the inertia of the fly wheel 356 willcause the latter to lag somewhat behind the shaft, the difference inspeed being. taken up by the spring 358. This lagging of. the 4fly-wheel356 which results in the shaft 350 rotating relative tothe {iy wheelvcauses'theflatter to be movedendwise of the shaft on account of thescrew' threaded connection therewith. The direction of r0 tation of thevshaft 350is indicated by the arrow at the end thereof and from this andthe description of the screwl threads it will secured to the pole pieceAwill have a speed at all governing mechabe seen that when the Hy wheellags behind as to lbwer the pilot valve 342.

the shaft it will be moved toward the right, Fig. 5 and thus rock thebell crank 359 so The lowerdescribed ing of the pilot valve as has beene moved causes the needle valve 283 to toward the closed position,thereby reducing the supply of water to the motor and causing areduction in the speed of the motor.

If on the other hand the motor slows down in speed the Hy wheel 356 willhave a tendency to continue at the high speed 0f rotation and willtherefore move endwise on the shaft 350 toward the left, Fig. 5. Thiswill cause the pilot valve 342 to be raised and thus effect an openingof the needle valve 283 in the manner hereinbefore described.

Since the coil 367 of the solenoid is con nected directly across theterminals yof the generator it H'owing through the coil will be in accorance with the voltage of the generator, it being understood of coursethat the resistance 377 remains constant. The purpose of this resistanceis to regulate the current which is supplied to the coil 367. The coil367 magnetizes the pole pieces 369 and 37 0,

-which have a retarding eHect upon the Hy wheel 356, the serrations inthe periphery of the Hy wheeland on the faces of thepole pieces beingfor the purpose of accentuating this retarding effect. As theretardation of the Hy wheel is directly proportional tothecircumferential speed of the Hy wheel the position of the wheel on theshaft 350 willbe determined by its speed and therefore if the voltageeither rises or falls the retardation will be effected and-the wheelrotated in .one direction or the other relative vto the .shaft 350. Thisrelative rotation will cause the wheel to be moved endwi'se of the shaftand actuate the pilot valve 342. The arrangement of the parts is suchthat an increase in voltage will move the Hy wheel toward the right anddiminish the supply of water to the wheel and thereby reduce its speed,and a decrease in voltage will permit the sprlng 358 to rotate the wheenrelative to the shaft so that it will be moved toward the left .andthereby raise the pilot valve 342 and increase the supply of water tothe wheel. i

The coil 366`of the solenoid which is connected to the terminals of theresistance 378 'acts differentially with respect to the coil 367.Whenthe current through the conductors 373 and 37 4 increases thecurrent in the v diminished, thus reducing the retardation of the wheel356. This permits tle wheelA to 'bei rotated on the'shaft 350 by thespring 358 f andfthus x`nove'towardA the left andcause the isv i.;

needle valve to be further opened to increase the changes in load enoughand the speed of the motor. Similarly a decrease in the current Howingin the conductors 373 and 3711 will decrease the current in the coil 366and diminish the diHerential actionof If for any reason current shouldcease to How from the generator the electro magnet 4 382 would bedemagnetized andthe spring 386 would throw the brake 385 into engagementwithv the periphery of the Hy wheel 356 and prevent the latter frommoving in the'direction to open the needle valve and would thereforeprevent yover-speeding of the motor. will be seen that the current c.

In the normal operation of the generator may be manifested by changes involtage and in the current output, and therefore it will be seen thatthe governing mechanism which I have devised will be responsive to thesechanges and operate the needle valve to vary the quantity of Dwatersupplied .to the wheel before the wheel has changed in speed as` aresult of the change in load. If, however, the generator is suddenlysubjected to a very large change in load the Vmagnetic action on the Hywheel 356 wouldnot be effective enough and a change in the speed of themotor would take place. Under these circumstances the change .in/speedof the motor brings into action the inertia effect of the Hy wheel 356and the needle valve is shifted in the required direction an amount.corresponding to the change in speed. On ac-` count of the masses ofthe needle valve' the parts connected therewith and also the masses ofthe pressure Huid in the pipes 330 and 331 a certain time would elapsebefore the effect of the governing action would be produced at thewheel, unless means were provided for obviating this delay, andtherefore over-regulation or racing would take place. I avoidovergoverning or racing by introducing the dash pot device inotheconnection with the servo-motor piston and the rod 306- and as a resultof the action of this dash pot the stroke of the valve sleeve 316 isAthe servo-motor piston the dash pot Huid cannot pass through the port344 rapidly therefore an excess of pressure will be ,created on' oneside ofthe dash pot piston which will cause the dash pot cylinder tofollow the stroke of the piston against the tension of the spring 312,butl the spring will afterward'bring the dash potcylinder back to itsfinal position according to the stroke of the rod 300.

Having thus described the invention what is claimed and desired to besecured by Letters Patent is:

l. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination Eof acontrolling element, means for automatically operating said controllingelement, and comprising a member movable in accordance with the movementof said controlling element, and means for so moving said membercomprising a conduit and a series.' of contacting rigid bodies in saidconduit adapted to be moved longitudinally thereof as a unit.

2. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination, of acontrolling element, means lfor automatically operating said controllingelement and comprising a member movable in accordance With the movementsof said controlling element, and meansvfor so moving said inember andcomprising a conduit having portions of different internal diameters anda series of, contacting rigid bodies arranged in said conduit, saidbodies being of dil'erentl sizes With the smaller of said b'odiesarranged in the portion of said conduit having the larger internaldiameter. y

3. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of acontrolling element and means for operating said controlling element,and comprising a motor, and means for controlling said motor including aconduit and a series of contacting rigid bodies in said conduit adaptedto be moved as a unit to actuate a portion of said controlling means.

4. In .an apparatus of the class described, the combination of acontrolling element, means'for automatically operating said controllingelement, including a member adapted to be moved in accordance With themove- .ments ofl said controlling element, and

means for so moving said member comprising a conduit-having portions ofdiii'erent internal diameters and a series of contacting rigid bodiesarranged in said conduit, said bodies being of different sizes and thesmaller size being arranged in the portion vof the conduit having alarger internal diameter,`a plunger connected with said member andarranged Within the portion of the conduit having a larger internaldiameter, whereby the plunger is adapted to be moved longitudinally ofsaid conduit by said bodies.

5. In an apparatus'of the class described, the combinationl of acontrolling element, means for operating said controlling element, andmeans for automatically con-roiling said operating means and including amember movable in accordance with the movement of said controllingVelement, a conduit, a plunger connected with said member and arranged atone end of saidV conduit, means normally tending to'move said plungerinto said conduit, a plunger at the oppositeend of said conduit, aseries of contacting rigid bodies arranged in said conduit between saidplungers whereby the movement of one plunger is transmitted directly tothe other, and means whereby the second plunger is moved by saidcontrolling element.

6. In an apparatus of the class described,

'the combination of a controlling element,

means for operating said controlling element, and means for controllingsaid operating means and including a member movable in accordance withthe movement of said controlling element, a conduit, a plunger connectedwith said member and arranged in one end of said conduit, means normallytending to move.said plunger into said conduit, a plunger vat the otherend of said conduit, a series of contacting rigid bodies arranged insaid conduit, with the end members of' Said series engaging saidplungers, and means connecting said second plunger and said controllingelement and adapted to move said plunger directly With said controllingelement whenv the latter moves rapidly and to move said plungerindirectly duit having its end portions of different internal diameters,a plunger connected directly With/ said member and arranged in thelarger end of said conduit, a second plunger arranged in the smaller endof said conduit and connected with said controlling element, a series ofcontacting rigid bodies arranged in said conduit between sald plungers,said bodies being of different slzes with the smaller size arranged inthe por- ,f

tion of the conduit having the larger internal diameter, and meansnormally tending to move said first plunger into said conduit.

8. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of acontrolling element, means for operating said controlling element, andmeans for automatically controlling said operating means and comprislnga member movable in accordance With the movements of said controllingelement, and means for so moving said member and comprising a dash-potdevice adapted to move said member directly with said controllingelement when the latter moves rapidly and indirectly and to a lessdistance when the controlling element moves slowly. l

9. In an apparatus of the class described,

the combination of a controlling element, means for operating saidcontrolling element and means for automatically controlling saidoperating means, and including a member movable in accordance with themovements of the controlling element and 'an adjustable dash-pot deviceadapted to move said member directly withthe controlvling element whenthe latter moves rapidly scopic members, and-means adapted to becontrolled from a distance for moving one fofsaid telescopic membersinto or out of .the other.

11. In an apparatus ofthe class described, the combinationof acontrolling element,

` means for operating said controlling element, and means forautomatically controlling said operating means, and including a membermovable in accordance with the movements of said controlling element,and means `for connecting said member with said controllingelement andincluding a dashpot having a cylinder ,and piston, means connecting oneof the elements of the dashpot with the controlling element, meansconnecting the other of the `elements of the dash-pot with said member,a pair of levers mounted 0n iXed pivots and normally engaging the partmovable with said member, spring means for normally'holding said leversagainst said part and a rod connected with said element and adapted tomove one of said levers directly with the controlling 'element when thelatter moves in one direction and the other lever directly with the'controlling element when the latter moves to the. opposite direction.

12. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of acontrolling element, means for operating said controlling element andmeans for automatically control- 'ling said operating means andincluding a member movable in accordance with the movements of saidelement and means for movingsaid member and including a dashpot having acylinder and piston, a rod connecting said piston directly with saidcontrolling element, means .connecting the dashpot cylinder with saidmember, whereby the member-is moved'in accordance with the pot cylinder,spring. means normally tending to drawv said levers together, and a rodpivotally connected with said first mentioned lever and so connectedwith said pair of levers that one of said pair of levers is positivelymoved by` the rod when the latter moves in one direction and the otherof said levers is positively moved by the rod when the latter moves inthe latter direction.

13. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of acontrolling element, means for operating said controlling element, andmeans forcontrolling said oper-` ating means and including a membermovable in accordance with the movements of the controlling element, anda member cooperating therewith, a piston connected with said secondmember and adapted to move the same, means for supplying fluid pressureto the opposite sides of said piston, and means for regulating thepressure on one side of said piston so as to move the latter by thedifference in pressure on the two sides thereof.

14. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of acontrolling element, means for operating said controlling element andmeans for controlling said operating means'and including a membermovable in accordance with the movements of the controllingelement, anda member coperating therewith, a piston connected with said secondmentioned member and adapted to move the same, means for supplyingfluidpressure to the opposite sides of said piston, means for discharging thepressure fluid from one side, and means for regulatingsaid dischargingmeans so as to move the piston by the difference in the pressurenn thetwo sides thereof.

15. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of acontrolling element, means for operating said controlling element, andmeans for controlling said operating means and including a membermovable in accordance with the movements of the controlling element, anda s econd member coperating therewith, a cylinder, a piston in saidcylinder and connected with said second member for moving the latter,one side of said piston being of greater area than the other, means forsupplying fluid ypressure to the opposite sides of,'said piston,

means for discharging the pressure fluid from the .larger side of` saidpiston, and means for automatically regulating said discharging means tocontrol the pressure on the larger side of the piston.

16. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of acontrolling element, means for operating said controlling element, andmeans for controlling said operf ating meansand including a membermovable in accordance with the movements of the controlling elementfanda second inem- Huid pressure tothe opposite sides of said piston, yandmeans coperating with said tubular extension to control the pressure on'10 the larger side of the piston.

17. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of acontrolling element, means for operating said controlling elef/ment, andmeans for controlling said oper- 1,5 ating means and including a' membermova tubular extension on the larger side of said piston, means forsupplying able in accordance with the movements of l the controllingelement, and a second member coperating therewith,V a cylinder, a pistonin said cylinder and connected with said second member for operating thelatter, said pistonbeing of larger area on one side than the other, atubular extension on the larger side of said piston, fluid pressure` tothe opposite sides of said piston, a sleeve slidable on said tubularextension and coperating therewith to control the pressure on thelargerside of said piston, and means for'moving said sleeve'.

In testimony whereof I aiix my signature.

WILLIAM A. DOBLE.

means for'supplying"

